Constipation varies in meaning among individuals. It generally refers to infrequent bowel movements but can also mean decreased stool volume, straining during bowel movements, incomplete evacuation, or reliance on enemas, suppositories, or laxatives.
Normal bowel frequency ranges from three times a day to three times a week, influenced by diet. Causes of constipation include insufficient fiber and fluid intake, a sedentary lifestyle, and environmental changes. Travel, pregnancy, and dietary shifts can worsen it. Pelvic floor dysfunction is another treatable cause. Persistent constipation may indicate serious issues like colon growths or narrowing, necessitating a consultation with a colon and rectal surgeon.
If symptoms last over three weeks or blood appears in the stool, see a doctor immediately. Diagnosis usually starts with a detailed physical examination. Certain tests can aid in the diagnosis like imaging, blood work, and colonoscopy. Additional tests, like Sitz marker studies or anal manometry, may identify functional issues.
Most constipation cases are treated successfully with high-fiber foods or supplements and increased fluid intake. 25 to 30 grams and 60 to 80 ounces of fluid are recommended for proper bowel function. Exercise also aids colon health.
Short-term laxative use can also help. Surgical intervention is rarely needed.